1.chan数据结构

一个channel只能传递一种类型的值，类型信息存储在hchan数据结构中。

elemtype代表类型，用于数据传递过程中的赋值；
elemsize代表类型大小，用于在buf中定位元素位置。

一个channel同时仅允许被一个goroutine读写，为简单起见，本章后续部分说明读写过程时不再涉及加锁和解锁。

2.创建Chan

创建channel的过程实际上是初始化hchan结构。其中类型信息和缓冲区长度由make语句传入，buf的大小则与元素大小和缓冲区长度共同决定。

makeChan源码如下：

func makechan(t *chantype, size int) *hchan {
   elem := t.elem

   // compiler checks this but be safe.
   if elem.size >= 1<<16 {
      throw("makechan: invalid channel element type")
   }
   if hchanSize%maxAlign != 0 || elem.align > maxAlign {
      throw("makechan: bad alignment")
   }

   mem, overflow := math.MulUintptr(elem.size, uintptr(size))
   if overflow || mem > maxAlloc-hchanSize || size < 0 {
      panic(plainError("makechan: size out of range"))
   }

   // Hchan does not contain pointers interesting for GC when elements stored in buf do not contain pointers.
   // buf points into the same allocation, elemtype is persistent.
   // SudoG's are referenced from their owning thread so they can't be collected.
   // TODO(dvyukov,rlh): Rethink when collector can move allocated objects.
   var c *hchan
   switch {
   // no buffer 的场景，这种 channel 可以看成 pipe；
   case mem == 0:
      // Queue or element size is zero.
      c = (*hchan)(mallocgc(hchanSize, nil, true))
      // Race detector uses this location for synchronization.
      c.buf = c.raceaddr()
   case elem.ptrdata == 0:// channel 元素不含指针的场景，那么是分配出一个大内存块；
      // Elements do not contain pointers.
      // Allocate hchan and buf in one call.
      c = (*hchan)(mallocgc(hchanSize+mem, nil, true))
      c.buf = add(unsafe.Pointer(c), hchanSize)
   default:// 默认场景，hchan 结构体和 buffer 内存块单独分配；
      // Elements contain pointers.
      c = new(hchan)
      c.buf = mallocgc(mem, elem, true)
   }
   // channel 元素大小，如果是 int，那么就是 8 字节；
   c.elemsize = uint16(elem.size)
   // 元素类型，这样就知道 channel 里面每个元素究竟是啥
   c.elemtype = elem
   c.dataqsiz = uint(size)
   lockInit(&c.lock, lockRankHchan)

   if debugChan {
      print("makechan: chan=", c, "; elemsize=", elem.size, "; dataqsiz=", size, "\n")
   }
   return c
}
makeChan只会初始化四个参数：buf,elemsize,elemtype,dataqsize
channel发送的代码解析如下：