文章目录

    • 01.概述
    • 02.对json字符串进行解析
      • 使用实体类进行解析
      • 使用实体类解析拓展
      • 使用map进行解析
    • 03.Map和json字符串的互相转换
      • 3.1.json字符串转换为Map
      • 3.2.Map转换为json字符串
    • 04.json操作的一些小技巧
      • 4.1.json字符转换为实体类
      • 4.2.实体类转json字符串
      • 4.3.json字符串转换为json对象
      • 4.4.json对象转换为json字符串
      • 4.5.json字符串数组转换json数组
      • 4.6.List<实体类>转json数组
      • 4.7.json数组转List<实体类>
    • 05.josnObject操作的一些小技巧
      • 5.1.JSONObject中的数组提取为JSONArray
      • 5.2.JSONObject获取value
    • 06.总结

01.概述

如果我们接收到的是一个json字符串,我们该如何对该字符串进行解析?

使用的依赖jar包:fastjson

compile('com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.xx')

02.对json字符串进行解析

使用实体类进行解析

创建一个用于接收的实体类:使用json字符串中的那些字段,实体类的属性值一定要和JSON串中的key对应

假设JSON字符串如下:

"{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18}"

对应的实体类属性就应该定义成如下的样子:

public class PersonInfoDto {
    private Date bornTime;
    private String userName;
    private String sex;
    private Integer age;
    public Date getBornTime() {
        return bornTime;
    }
    public void setBornTime(Date bornTime) {
        this.bornTime = bornTime;
    }
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "PersonInfoDto{" +
                "bornTime=" + bornTime +
                ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

代码示例:

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String jsonStr = "{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18}";
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr, PersonInfoDto.class);
        System.out.println(personInfoDto.toString());
    }
}

运行结果:

PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL', sex='man', age=18}

使用实体类解析拓展

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json串里面的key与实体类字段匹配几个就会赋值几个,匹配不上的赋值为null
        String jsonStr1 ="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\"}";
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto1 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr1, PersonInfoDto.class);
        System.out.println("personInfoDto1: " + personInfoDto1);
        // json串中出现重复的字段,就会使用后者进行覆盖
        String jsonStr2 ="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL2\"}";
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto2 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr2, PersonInfoDto.class);
        System.out.println("personInfoDto2: " + personInfoDto2);
        // json串里面的key与实体类字段匹配几个就会赋值几个,不管该传有多长,只取匹配到的key的value给实体类赋值
        String jsonStr3 ="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18,\"age2\":18}";
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto3 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr3,PersonInfoDto.class);
        System.out.println("personInfoDto3: " + personInfoDto3);
        // 刚好对应的情况
        String jsonStr4="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18}";
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto4 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr4, PersonInfoDto.class);
        System.out.println("personInfoDto4: " + personInfoDto4);
    }
}

运行结果:

personInfoDto1: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='null', sex='null', age=null}
personInfoDto2: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL2', sex='null', age=null}
personInfoDto3: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL', sex='man', age=18}
personInfoDto4: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL', sex='man', age=18}

小结

使用map进行解析

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json字符串
        String jsonStr = "{\"age\":18,\"sex\":\"man1\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL1\"}";
        //====================方式一==============================
        Map maps = (Map)JSON.parse(jsonStr);
        for (Object map : maps.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println(((Map.Entry)map).getKey()+": " + ((Map.Entry)map).getValue());
        }
        //====================方式二==============================
        Map mapTypes =JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);
        for(Object obj :mapTypes.keySet()){
            System.out.println("key: " + obj + "  value: " + mapTypes.get(obj));
        }
        //====================方式三==============================
        Map mapType = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, Map.class);
        System.out.println("这个是用JSON类,指定解析类型,来解析JSON字符串!!!");
        for(Object obj :mapType.keySet()){
            System.out.println("key: " + obj + "  value: " + mapType.get(obj));
        }
        //====================方式四==============================
        Map json =(Map)JSONObject.parse(jsonStr); //用Json对象解析成Map类型
        for (Object map : json.entrySet()){
            System.out.println(((Map.Entry)map).getKey() + ": "+((Map.Entry)map).getValue());
        }
        //====================方式五==============================
        JSONObject jsonobject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
        for(Object map:jsonobject.entrySet()){
            System.out.println(((Map.Entry)map).getKey()+": "+((Map.Entry)map).getValue());
        }
    }
}

03.Map和json字符串的互相转换

3.1.json字符串转换为Map

参考:使用map进行解析

3.2.Map转换为json字符串

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建一个Hashmap
        Map<String, Object> paraMap = new HashMap();
        paraMap.put("userName","AISMALL");
        paraMap.put("sex","man");
        paraMap.put("age",18);
        // 方式一:转换为json字符串
        String jsonStr = JSONObject.toJSONString(paraMap);
        System.out.println("jsonStr: " + jsonStr);
        // 方式二:转换为json字符串
        String jsonStr2 = Json.toJson(paraMap);
        System.out.println("jsonStr2: " + jsonStr2);
    }
}

运行结果:

jsonStr: {"sex":"man","userName":"AISMALL","age":18}
jsonStr2: {"sex":"man","userName":"AISMALL","age":18}

04.json操作的一些小技巧

4.1.json字符转换为实体类

前面已经介绍了:

JSONObject.parseObject(jsonString, PersonInfoDto .class);

4.2.实体类转json字符串

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date date = new Date(); // 创建一个Date对象,获取当前时间
        SimpleDateFormat f = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // 指定格式化格式
        f.format(date);  // 将当前时间袼式化为指定的格式
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto = new PersonInfoDto();
        personInfoDto.setBornTime(date);
        personInfoDto.setUserName("AISMALL");
        personInfoDto.setSex("man");
        personInfoDto.setAge(18);
        String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(personInfoDto);
        System.out.println(jsonStr);
    }
}

运行结果:

{"age":18,"bornTime":1665113383685,"sex":"man","userName":"AISMALL"}

4.3.json字符串转换为json对象

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json字符串
        String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Result1\":\"Result1\",\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\"},{\"Result2\":\"Result2\",\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\"},{\"Result3\":\"Result3\",\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\"}]}";
        // json字符串转换为jsonObject
        JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
        System.out.println(jSONObject);
        // 根据Key取出Json对象中的值
        String testStr = jSONObject.getString("test");
        System.out.println("testStr: " + testStr);
    }
}

运行结果:

{"test":"test","Result":[{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]}
testStr: test

注意:

4.4.json对象转换为json字符串

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json字符串
        String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\",\"Result1\":\"Result1\"},{\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\",\"Result2\":\"Result2\"},{\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\",\"Result3\":\"Result3\"}]}";
        // json字符串转换为jsonObject
        JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
        // json对象转换为json字符串
        String jsonObjectConv = JSON.toJSONString(jSONObject);
        System.out.println(jsonObjectConv);
    }
}

运行结果:

{"test":"test","Result":[{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]}

4.5.json字符串数组转换json数组

注意:json字符串数组,即String是JSONArray格式的字符串

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json字符串数组
        String jsonArr = "[{\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\",\"Result1\":\"Result1\"},{\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\",\"Result2\":\"Result2\"},{\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\",\"Result3\":\"Result3\"}]";
        JSONArray jsonArray= JSONArray.parseArray(jsonArr);
        // 转换成Json字符串数组之后,就可以遍历了,字符串是无法遍历的
        for (Object jsonStr:jsonArray) {
            System.out.println(jsonStr);
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"}
{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"}
{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}

4.6.List<实体类>转json数组

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto1 = new PersonInfoDto();
        personInfoDto1.setUserName("AISMALL1");
        personInfoDto1.setSex("man1");
        personInfoDto1.setAge(18);
        PersonInfoDto personInfoDto2 = new PersonInfoDto();
        personInfoDto2.setUserName("AISMALL2");
        personInfoDto2.setSex("man2");
        personInfoDto2.setAge(19);
        List<PersonInfoDto> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(personInfoDto1);
        list.add(personInfoDto2);
        // 转换为json字符串
        String jsonStr = JSONObject.toJSONString(list);
        System.out.println("jsonStr: " + jsonStr);
        // json字符串转换为json数组
        JSONArray jsonArray= JSONArray.parseArray(jsonStr);
        // 转换成Json字符串数组之后,就可以遍历了,字符串是无法遍历的
        for (Object jsonStr1:jsonArray) {
            System.out.println(jsonStr1);
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

jsonStr: [{"age":18,"sex":"man1","userName":"AISMALL1"},{"age":19,"sex":"man2","userName":"AISMALL2"}]
{"sex":"man1","userName":"AISMALL1","age":18}
{"sex":"man2","userName":"AISMALL2","age":19}

4.7.json数组转List<实体类>

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json字符串数组
        String jsonStr = "[{\"age\":18,\"sex\":\"man1\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL1\"},{\"age\":19,\"sex\":\"man2\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL2\"}]";
        System.out.println("jsonStr: " + jsonStr);
        // json字符串转换为json数组
        JSONArray jsonArray= JSONArray.parseArray(jsonStr);
        List<PersonInfoDto> personInfoDtoList = jsonArray.toJavaList(PersonInfoDto.class);
        for (PersonInfoDto personInfoDto:personInfoDtoList) {
            System.out.println("personInfoDto: " + personInfoDto);
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

jsonStr: [{"age":18,"sex":"man1","userName":"AISMALL1"},{"age":19,"sex":"man2","userName":"AISMALL2"}]
personInfoDto: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=null, userName='AISMALL1', sex='man1', age=18}
personInfoDto: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=null, userName='AISMALL2', sex='man2', age=19}

05.josnObject操作的一些小技巧

JSONObject如下:

{
  "test": "test",
  "Result": [
	  {
	  "Result1": "Result1",
	  "Detail1": "Detail1"
	  },
	  {
	  "Result2": "Result2",
	  "Detail2": "Detail2"
	  },
	  {
	  "Result3": "Result3",
	  "Detail3": "Detail3"
	  }
  ]
}

5.1.JSONObject中的数组提取为JSONArray

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json字符串
        String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Result1\":\"Result1\",\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\"},{\"Result2\":\"Result2\",\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\"},{\"Result3\":\"Result3\",\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\"}]}";
        // json字符串转换为jsonObject
        JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
        // 获取里面的Json字符串数组
        JSONArray jsonArray = jSONObject.getJSONArray("Result");
        // 转换成Json字符串数组之后,就可以遍历了,字符串是无法遍历的
        for (Object jsonStr2:jsonArray) {
            System.out.println(jsonStr2);
        }
    }
}

运行结果

[{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]

5.2.JSONObject获取value

public class test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // json字符串
        String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Result1\":\"Result1\",\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\"},{\"Result2\":\"Result2\",\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\"},{\"Result3\":\"Result3\",\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\"}]}";
        // json字符串转换为jsonObject
        JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
        // 返回值为String类型
        String testStr = jSONObject.getString("test");
        System.out.println("testStr: " + testStr);
        // 返回值为Object类型
        Object testObject = jSONObject.get("Result");
        System.out.println("testObject: " + testObject);
    }
}

运行结果:

testStr: test
testObject: [{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]

06.总结

更多方法可以去查看JSONArrayJSONObject的源码。

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