React中使用Redux

开始之前需要强调一下,redux和react没有直接的关系,你完全可以在React, Angular, Ember, jQuery, or vanilla JavaScript中使用Redux

尽管这样说,redux依然是和React库结合的更好,因为他们是通过state函数来描述界面的状态,Redux可以发射状态的更新, 让他们作出相应; 目前redux在react中使用是最多的,所以我们需要将之前编写的redux代码,融入到react当中去。

这里我创建了两个组件:

Home组件:其中会展示当前的counter值,并且有一个+1和+5的按钮;

Profile组件:其中会展示当前的counter值,并且有一个-1和-5的按钮;

React中使用Redux (一) - 在React中直接使用Redux

首先将结构搭建出来, 然后安装redux库: npm i redux

安装完成后, 安装我们上一篇文章讲解的目录结构, 创建Store文件夹

store/index.js 中创建store

import { createStore } from "redux";
import reducer from "./reducer";
const store = createStore(reducer)
export default store

store/constants.js 中定义变量

export const CHANGE_NUM  = "change_num"

store/reducer.js

import { CHANGE_NUM } from "./constants"
const initialState = {
  counter: 10
}
export default function reducer(state = initialState, action) {
  switch(action.type) {
    case CHANGE_NUM:
      return {...state, counter: state.counter + action.num}
    default: 
      return state
  }
}

store/actionCreators.js

import { CHANGE_NUM } from "./constants"
export const changeNumAction = (num) => ({
  type: CHANGE_NUM,
  num
})

store中编写完成后, 在Home和Profile页面中使用store中的state, 核心代码主要是两个:

在 componentDidMount 中监听store的变化,当数据发生变化时重新设置 counter;

在发生点击事件时,调用store的dispatch来派发对应的action;

import React, { PureComponent } from 'react'
import store from '../store'
import { changeNumAction } from '../store/actionCreators'
export class Home extends PureComponent {
  constructor() {
    super()
    this.state = {
      counter: store.getState().counter
    }
  }
  // 核心一: 在componentDidMount中监听store的变化,当数据发生变化时重新设置 counter;
  componentDidMount() {
    store.subscribe(() => {
      const state = store.getState()
      this.setState({ counter: state.counter })
    })
  }
  // 核心二: 在发生点击事件时,调用store的dispatch来派发对应的action;
  changeNum(num) {
    store.dispatch(changeNumAction(num))
  }
  render() {
    const { counter } = this.state
    return (
      <div>
        <h2>Home</h2>
        <h2>当前计数: {counter} </h2>
        <button onClick={() => this.changeNum(1)}>+1</button>
        <button onClick={() => this.changeNum(5)}>+5</button>
      </div>
    )
  }
}
export default Home
import React, { PureComponent } from 'react'
import store from '../store'
import { changeNumAction } from '../store/actionCreators'
export class Profile extends PureComponent {
  constructor() {
    super()
    this.state = {
      counter: store.getState().counter
    }
  }
  componentDidMount() {
    store.subscribe(() => {
      const state = store.getState()
      this.setState({ counter: state.counter })
    })
  }
  changeNum(num) {
    store.dispatch(changeNumAction(num))
  }
  render() {
    const { counter } = this.state
    return (
      <div>
        <h2>Profile</h2>
        <h2>当前计数: {counter}</h2>
        <button onClick={() => this.changeNum(-1)}>-1</button>
        <button onClick={() => this.changeNum(-5)}>-5</button>
      </div>
    )
  }
}
export default Profile

我们发现Home组件和Profile组件中的代码是大同小异的, 所以这不是我们最终编写的代码, 后面还会对代码进行优化

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