Java 读写锁 ReadWriteLock 原理与应用场景详解

public interface ReadWriteLock {
    /**
     * Returns the lock used for reading.
     *
     * @return the lock used for reading.
     */
    Lock readLock();
    /**
     * Returns the lock used for writing.
     *
     * @return the lock used for writing.
     */
    Lock writeLock();
}

/** 内部提供的读锁 */
    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
    /** 内部提供的写锁 */
    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;
    /** AQS来实现的同步器 */
    final Sync sync;
    /**
     * Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
     * 默认创建非公平的读写锁
     */
    public ReentrantReadWriteLock() {
        this(false);
    }
    /**
     * Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
     * the given fairness policy.
     *
     * @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
     */
    public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
        readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
        writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
    }

abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
    // 版本序列号
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6317671515068378041L;        
    // 高16位为读锁，低16位为写锁
    static final int SHARED_SHIFT   = 16;
    // 读锁单位
    static final int SHARED_UNIT    = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT);
    // 读锁最大数量
    static final int MAX_COUNT      = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
    // 写锁最大数量
    static final int EXCLUSIVE_MASK = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
    // 本地线程计数器
    private transient ThreadLocalHoldCounter readHolds;
    // 缓存的计数器
    private transient HoldCounter cachedHoldCounter;
    // 第一个读线程
    private transient Thread firstReader = null;
    // 第一个读线程的计数
    private transient int firstReaderHoldCount;
}

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            /*
             * Walkthrough:
             * 1. If read count nonzero or write count nonzero
             *    and owner is a different thread, fail.
             * 2. If count would saturate, fail. (This can only
             *    happen if count is already nonzero.)
             * 3. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for lock if
             *    it is either a reentrant acquire or
             *    queue policy allows it. If so, update state
             *    and set owner.
             */
            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            //获取独占锁(写锁)的被获取的数量
            int w = exclusiveCount(c);
            if (c != 0) {
                // (Note: if c != 0 and w == 0 then shared count != 0)
                //1.如果同步状态不为0，且写状态为0,则表示当前同步状态被读锁获取
                //2.或者当前拥有写锁的线程不是当前线程
                if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                    return false;
                if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                // Reentrant acquire
                setState(c + acquires);
                return true;
            }
            if (writerShouldBlock() ||
                !compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires))
                return false;
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }

protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
    for(;;) {
        int c = getState();
        int nextc = c + (1<<16);
        if(nextc < c) {
           throw new Error("Maxumum lock count exceeded");
        }
        if(exclusiveCount(c)!=0 && owner != Thread.currentThread())
           return -1;
        if(compareAndSetState(c,nextc))
           return 1;
    }
}