syslog介绍(二):Linux下syslog基本配置

LinuxDebianUnixGoUP

2008-10-18

简介

不同的Linux发行版使用不同syslog程序来记录系统日志。

的Debain 4.0/Ubuntu8.04(桌面版)默认使用的是sysklogd,配置文件为/etc/syslog.conf。

Fedora9默认使用rsyslogd,配置文件为/etc/rsyslog.conf。

opensuse11使用syslog-ng,配置文件为/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf。

这里仅一debian为例介绍一下syslog.conf的配置,rsyslog.conf的格式和syslog.conf是基本一样的。可以用man syslog.conf命令查看配置帮助。

配置文件由多条规则构成,每条规则有3个部分,#开头的是注释。每条规则分3个部分指定Facility、Severity以及要采取的措施。规则是组合 的。

例子

下面的规则指定Facility为mail,Severity为err以上级别的日志写入/var/log/mail.err文件,而err以下级别的日 志则被忽略:

mail.err /var/log/mail.err

Facility和Severity可以使用通配符,也可以指定多个,用逗号隔开:

auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log

Facility和Severity的组合可以有多个,用分号隔开,文件前面加一个减号表示日志不立即写入文件,而是在缓冲中积攒到一定的条件再写,这样 可以提高性能,但是当机可能会丢失数据:

*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/syslog

可以把syslog消息通过UDP发送到syslog服务器的514端口:

*.err
@192.168.0.1


发生错误时,在控制台打屏:

*.err
/dev/console

日志格式


debian 4.0外发的syslog都有换行符\n结尾,没有主机名和时间,例如:

<38>su[2257]: (pam_unix) session opened for user root by root(uid=0)

<30>dhclient: bound to 192.168.233.129 -- renewal in 878 seconds.

本地syslog日志文件中的样本(/var/log/auth.log),有主机名和时间,但没有Facility和Severity

Oct 8 22:36:56 debian sshd[2261]: (pam_unix) session opened for user root by root(uid=0)

fedora的rsyslogd转发的syslog则没有换行符\n结尾。

最后给出debian4.0默认的syslog.conf文件

# /etc/syslog.conf Configuration file for syslogd.

#

# For more information see syslog.conf(5)

# manpage.

#

# First some standard logfiles. Log by facility.

#

auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log

*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/syslog

#cron.* /var/log/cron.log

daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log

kern.* -/var/log/kern.log

lpr.* -/var/log/lpr.log

mail.* -/var/log/mail.log

user.* -/var/log/user.log

uucp.* /var/log/uucp.log

#

# Logging for the mail system. Split it up so that

# it is easy to write scripts to parse these files.

#

mail.info -/var/log/mail.info

mail.warn -/var/log/mail.warn

mail.err /var/log/mail.err

# Logging for INN news system

#

news.crit /var/log/news/news.crit

news.err /var/log/news/news.err

news.notice -/var/log/news/news.notice

#

# Some `catch-all' logfiles.

#

*.=debug;\

auth,authpriv.none;\

news.none;mail.none -/var/log/debug

*.=info;*.=notice;*.=warn;\

auth,authpriv.none;\

cron,daemon.none;\

mail,news.none -/var/log/messages

#

# Emergencies are sent to everybody logged in.

#

*.emerg *

#

# I like to have messages displayed on the console, but only on a virtual

# console I usually leave idle.

#

#daemon,mail.*;\

# news.=crit;news.=err;news.=notice;\

# *.=debug;*.=info;\

# *.=notice;*.=warn /dev/tty8

# The named pipe /dev/xconsole is for the `xconsole' utility. To use it,

# you must invoke `xconsole' with the `-file' option:

#

# $ xconsole -file /dev/xconsole [...]

#

# NOTE: adjust the list below, or you'll go crazy if you have a reasonably

# busy site..

#

daemon.*;mail.*;\

news.crit;news.err;news.notice;\

*.=debug;*.=info;\

*.=notice;*.=warn |/dev/xconsole

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